Expository Writing Desirees Baby Essay Example

Expository Writing Desirees Baby Paper The southern gothic story, Desiree’s Baby, by Kate Chopin was wrote brilliantly to explore love, race and prejudice. The story starts with Madame Valmonde talking about her daughter, Desiree’s past. How Desiree was abandoned by her real parents, and Monsieur Valmonde had found her and brought her home. When Desiree was eighteen, Armand saw her and immediately fell in love.  Madame Valmonde told Armand about her background, but Armand did not care. After getting married they had a boy and at three months, the child looks were of mixed race. So in despair, Desiree  asked Armand about the baby, coldly, he told her that the baby is not white, which means that Desiree is not white and he tells her to take the baby and leave. Later, Armand burns everything belonging to Desiree and the baby. While burning everything Armand discovers a letter from his mother to his father where he finds out it was not  Desiree who carried the Negroid blood but Armand. There was a sense of wonder of why Chopin designed the character this way and what was the message she was trying to send. I enjoyed reading this story immensely because it had all the staple of gothic fiction, like dark romances, tragic events of depression and sadness. The scenery of â€Å" a sad looking place [with] the roof that came down steep and black like a cowl†, â€Å"wide galleries that encircled the house [and] big, solemn oaks† gave unarguably a dark atmosphere. Kate Chopin sets the tone of the story in a distinctive southern gothic theme. There is also a strong southern culture rooted into the story which was fascinating to read. In that time of period the family name, respect in society was very important. If a wealthy man was married to a lady with African American blood it would bring great shame to his family’s name. The way Armand broke Disree’s heart was horrific, even him being hurt he still chose his image and status over his wife and child. He genuinely thought ? We will write a custom essay sample on Expository Writing Desirees Baby specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Expository Writing Desirees Baby specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Expository Writing Desirees Baby specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Free Essays on Louis Armstrong

New Orleans is a melting pot of people and culture. Diversity is not just recognized but also celebrated. Out of this various blend of French, Spanish and African influences came jazz music. The most influential jazz musician in history was born in New Orleans. Louis Armstrong was not only the epitome of jazz, but he was the King of Jazz. Louis Daniel Armstrong always said he was born on July 4, 1900 because that’s what he was told. After his death in 1971, the writer Gary Giddins discovered his baptismal certificate that proved he was born on August 4, 1901. He was born in the Storyville District of New Orleans. It was a very poor section also called â€Å"the Battlefield† because there was a lot of shooting and fighting there. Willie Armstrong was his father. He was a straw boss in a turpentine factory. His mother was Mary Ann Miles. She was a country girl from just outside New Orleans. Everyone called her Mayann. She moved into the city and met and married Willie. Mayann was about fifteen when Louis was born and Willie abandoned them soon after. In order to support them Mayann cleaned houses and also was a part time prostitute which was a common occupation for poor black women in New Orleans. While he was still an infant he went to live with his paternal grandmother, Josephine Armstrong. She worked hard as a laundress. When Louis was five, his sister Beatrice was born and he moved back in with his mother. She continued her carefree habits and would sometimes disappear from home for days at a time. Louis was often left to watch his sister. Louis went to school but like most of the kids in Storyville, he would rather be on the street playing with his friends or scrounging for money. Louis grew up in poverty and he was deprived both emotionally and physically. He went barefoot year-round and he wore oversized hand-me-downs that he got from Mayann’s various boyfriends. Sometimes he had... Free Essays on Louis Armstrong Free Essays on Louis Armstrong New Orleans is a melting pot of people and culture. Diversity is not just recognized but also celebrated. Out of this various blend of French, Spanish and African influences came jazz music. The most influential jazz musician in history was born in New Orleans. Louis Armstrong was not only the epitome of jazz, but he was the King of Jazz. Louis Daniel Armstrong always said he was born on July 4, 1900 because that’s what he was told. After his death in 1971, the writer Gary Giddins discovered his baptismal certificate that proved he was born on August 4, 1901. He was born in the Storyville District of New Orleans. It was a very poor section also called â€Å"the Battlefield† because there was a lot of shooting and fighting there. Willie Armstrong was his father. He was a straw boss in a turpentine factory. His mother was Mary Ann Miles. She was a country girl from just outside New Orleans. Everyone called her Mayann. She moved into the city and met and married Willie. Mayann was about fifteen when Louis was born and Willie abandoned them soon after. In order to support them Mayann cleaned houses and also was a part time prostitute which was a common occupation for poor black women in New Orleans. While he was still an infant he went to live with his paternal grandmother, Josephine Armstrong. She worked hard as a laundress. When Louis was five, his sister Beatrice was born and he moved back in with his mother. She continued her carefree habits and would sometimes disappear from home for days at a time. Louis was often left to watch his sister. Louis went to school but like most of the kids in Storyville, he would rather be on the street playing with his friends or scrounging for money. Louis grew up in poverty and he was deprived both emotionally and physically. He went barefoot year-round and he wore oversized hand-me-downs that he got from Mayann’s various boyfriends. Sometimes he had... Free Essays on Louis Armstrong Louis Armstrong â€Å"SATCHMO† Louis Armstrong was the most important and powerful musician in Music history. Although he is often thought of by the public as a lovable, clowning person, a rough-voiced singer who played simple but spectacular trumpet in a New Orleans-styled Dixieland setting, Armstrong was much much more. One of the first soloists on record, Louis was more responsible than anyone else for jazz changing from an ensemble-oriented folk music into an art form that emphasized inventive solo improvisations. His relaxed phrasing was a major change from the staccato style of the early '20s (helping set the stage for the swing era) and Armstrong demonstrated that it was possible to have both impressive style and a strong feeling for the blues. One of jazz's first true stars, his influence over his fellow players was so powerful that nearly every trumpeter to record between 1927 and 1940 sounded to an extent like one of his followers! Louis Armstrong's unique style singing voice was copy by so many of the listeners through the years, he made â€Å"scat singing† popular. By using syllables rhythmically rather than words. It was said, that he was in the studio and his music fell off the stand so he started to make it up, that when scat music was born. His way of talking affected many singers to come up after 1930, including Bing Crosby, Billie Holiday and Frank Sinatra. In addition, Louis Armstrong’s humor and funny ways were popular in jazz with larger audiences. Many teenagers were inspired to take up the trumpet after hearing or seeing him and millions more were introduced to jazz through Armstrong; in later years Louis Armstrong's worldwide tours resulted in him being widely known as "America's goodwill ambassador."(Satchmo, 1998) Louis Armstrong started with t his humble beginnings. Born in New Orleans on Aug. 4, 1901 (until his birth cert...

STATUTORY VALUATION - Compulsory Purchase (REAL ESTATE BSc COURSE) (2) Essay

STATUTORY VALUATION - Compulsory Purchase (REAL ESTATE BSc COURSE) (2) - Essay Example However, we acknowledge that the adoption of compulsory purchase law will come with the right for people whose property interests may be affected by the claim compensation. Given that the shop was let to the Smiths Minimarket; the first floor leased out for 125 years; and the advert hoarding at the ground floor let out at an annual license, the freeholders are justified to receive  £ 334,800 compensation. From the available records, the shop was let to Smiths Minimarket on an FRI basis for 15 years from 25.12.2011 at a cost of  £ 20,000 per year though subject to a rent review every 3 years. It is evidence the shop`s first floor flat was leased out for 125 years from 25.12.2008 for a rent of  £ 200 per year. It is also well-known that portion of the shop, particularly at ground floor, had an advert hoarding let at  £ 5,000 per year though on annual license. We learnt that the planning consent was not renewed, actually from the time it was given for 3 years, years ago. Moreover, the freeholder receives  £ 50 every Friday evening from Mrs. Jones who has a chip and fish van that occupy the shop from the side of forecourt. It is said this agreement was held on a license that was stated to run for two years. In addition to all these, the freeholder revealed that  £ 100 is paid per sale by Mr Youens for casual sale of second-hand cars that occupy the three places on front forecou rt of the shop. A good number of compulsory purchases are made under laws granted by several general Acts. The Government had walked the talk of its early intention to complement the existing laws by fresh laws which dictates that authorization of compulsory acquisition is given through compulsory purchase order that is created by the acquiring body and affirmed by the appropriate Minister or confirming authority. This order should be in prescribed form and comprises a statement of purpose for which property is

Gimme Shelter and the 1960s Counter Culture Term Paper

Gimme Shelter and the 1960s Counter Culture - Term Paper Example People make culture, and culture makes them. Through making culture, individual and collective identities are formed (Cushman, 1996, p. 7). The construction of cultural institutions reflect â€Å"commonsense beliefs about human behavior† (Bruner, 1990, p. 38) Take the case of the men playing in a hobby band. The descriptive terms that one uses for these men and their vocation, such as â€Å"playing†, â€Å"audience† and â€Å"instrument† are all cultural meanings, and these cultural meanings control how we act. An individual’s experiences and acts are shaped by his intentional states, and these states are †realized only through participation in the symbolic systems of culture† (Bruner, 1990, p. 33). It is only through cultural interpretations of one’s personal autobiography that this story becomes understandable. Through this cultural mediation, meaning becomes communal and public, as opposed to private. The difference between cul ture and biological inheritance is that the latter does not necessarily shape human experience and action, but, rather, constrains action in a modifiable way. Culture shapes the human mind and life by giving â€Å"meaning to action by situating its underlying intentional states in an interpretive system.† (Bruner, 1990, p. 34). ... 42). Culture externalizes internal feelings, states of consciousness and thoughts into concrete forms that are shared by individuals. These concrete forms, such as music, are viewed as cultural objects (Cushman, 1996, p. 90). How music functions in any culture depends on how that culture operates socially, and these circumstances vary between one culture and another. Listeners responds to popular music physically, by singing along, dancing, clapping, etc.; emotional, by feeling the music, reminiscing or romanticizing; and cognitive, by learning, stimulating thought, processing information, and framing perceptions, etc (Lull, 1987, p. 141). Related to the concepts of culture, as it relates to the dominant culture, are countercultures and taste culture. Counterculture is the result of engaging in alternative forms of communication among social actors who are collectively pursuing alternative ways of living (Cushman, 1996, p. 8). The base of knowledge amongst the social actors in the co unterculture runs counter to the dominant culture. Rock music counterculture means a group of individuals who are committed to disseminate rock music that is neither overtly nor covertly influenced by the dominant culture. Countercultures are often formed around music, due to music’s ability to communicate and mediate common experiences. For instance, the 1960s were marked by the Vietnam War, which gave birth to the activists and hippies, two examples of 1960's countercultures. The youth of those times, influenced by the Vietnam War and a general feeling of unrest, basically made war on their elders, and this was a world-wide phenomenon, even in the countries were Vietnam

Critique of Research Studies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Critique of Research Studies - Assignment Example The researcher introduces the scope of the research by stating that all health care workers are required to comply with hand-hygiene guidelines and provides the rational for this practice and thus, the study. However, the researcher does not provide an outline of how the issues relating to compliance are going to be addressed within the report. Creedon (2006) states the main research problem as the â€Å"health care workers’ observance of the hand-hygiene rules during patient care in an ICU in Ireland before and after execution of a multifaceted hand-hygiene program,† in addition to the attitudes, knowledge, and beliefs of health workers in relation to the hand-hygiene program. The researcher is very precise in stating the research questions relating to this particular study. The first research question relates to what effects the multifaceted approach would have on the compliance to hand washing guidelines by health care workers. Additionally Creedon (2006) questions the effects that a multifaceted hand-hygiene program might have on the beliefs, knowledge, and attitudes of health care workers. The literature review has been arranged in a logical order. The researcher has gone from the general idea of how hand washing relates to infection, to giving data on how many persons are affected and the costs of treatment. However, the review is not balanced as the researcher only focuses on the reasons and consequences of non-compliance, without giving information existing compliance rates. Additionally, most of the reviewed materials are relatively old, with some being published in the 1980s. The research identifies its theoretical framework as lifting the standards of health interventions by encouraging behavioral change among health care professionals (Creedon, 2006). However, although the framework is appropriate for this study, it does not provide an adequate description of how the behavior change will be implemented in order

Assessing The American Society Today

Assessing The American Society Today American society today is one which is accustomed to the abundance of resources and opportunities that are made available to the public. For the most part, people take these bountiful resources and opportunities for granted because they have no recollection of life before their time. Until the 1920s, American society was conservative with traditional values. It was a quiet and conservative culture, however this tradition began to change significantly change during the 20th century and even more specifically during the 1920s. The United States was quickly changing with the adoption of new cultural and social values and increased prosperity, and though not all people were content with the changing culture and times, their resistance to modernity and materialism were flattened. America was changing for the better and for the future. From the revolution which defined the 1920s, dubbed as the Modern Temper by historians, emerged a changing culture in the United States. Among many transfor mations, new dominant cultural and social values surfaced, there was great economic growth characterized by a new sense of materialism and consumerism, and there was major progress in the social and cultural identity of women. The Modern Temper ushered in a more secular, materialistic, individualistic, leisure-oriented, cosmopolitan, and pluralistic society; one which has flourished to new heights even till this day. Before the Modern Temper emerged, American society was a much more culturally and socially traditional. In essence, the road leading up to the 1920s was a clash of two completely different cultures. Just before the decade, America was apparently under the attack of alcohol. In fact, the apparent effect of alcoholism on the country was so bad that drinking too much alcohol was referred to as being just as useful as a slave. It was estimated that there were 5,000,000 drunks in the United States and this issue has to be halted (Kerr). While the experience with prohibition was dismissed only 13 years after the amendment was passed, the battle over alcohol provided an arena for the mounting conflicts between the modern and traditional, urban and rural, immigrant and native, and even Catholics and Protestants (Pennock). An even more prolific event that provided evidence of the changing culture in the United States was the John scopes trial. The trial of 1925 reflected the vast cultures tha t were clashing all across the nation (Childs). More than just a trial simply deciding between religious fundamentalism and traditionalism and scientific and modern teachings, it was a keen indication that Americans had begun in a more forceful manner than ever before to debate the basic values of their society and culture (Childs). What can be seen from the Scopes trial and Prohibition is that the process of change in America had been going on for many years and that when the 1920s came along, the country finally felt the great effects. The new cultural and social values that culminated towards the beginning of the 20th century formed a decisive turning point in American history. From the culture clashes of the 1920s emerged the formation of a modern mass culture (Mintz). Many of the defining features of modern American culture such as the radio, jazz, films, and spectator sports emerged during the 1920s (Mintz, The Formation of Modern American Mass Culture ). Mass entertainment was a new concept to Americans and probably has one of the greatest cultural effects overall. Probably the most revolutionary of all was the impact of the invention of the radio. Between 1922 and 1929, radio sales soared from $60 million to $426 million. The radio brought the nation together and imposed similar tastes and lifestyles through the same news, entertainment, and advertisements, and was doing so to 10 million Americans by 1929 (Mintz, The Formation of Modern American Mass Culture ). The radio was such a growing phenomenon that by 1922, 600 radio stations were broadcasting across the United States (Radio in the 1920s). Along with the radio, of course, came the most popular music of the 1920s; jazz. The roaring twenties saw the formation of new forms of music known as jazz and blues. By the mid-1920s, jazz was being played in dance halls, roadhouses and speakeasies all over the country. This however was not met as gift to all Americans, but rather as a threat (Roaring Twenties: History in the Key of Jazz). Jazz was the music of the African Americans, putting more emphasis on the innovations of supremely gifted individuals and giving blacks a voice in an overwhelmingly white society. Such innovation could be seen by the popularization of scat by Louis Armstrong and Fletcher Hendersons big band jazz (Mintz, The Formation of Modern American Mass Culture ). To millions of people though, jazz was seen as one more cause of loosening morals. It wasnt considered music but rather just bad noise that inspired dancing with a dreadful impact on the national character. (Roaring Twenties: History in the Key of Jazz). These feelings were of course felt by white Americans who were threatened by the music. They were motivated by racial concerns and not actually by musical concerns. Critics expressed consistent political and social dislikes of the black population more so than the music itself in reports (Anderson). Clearly, jazz was not only a step forward for African Americans but it was also another clash between different cultures during the 20s. Regardless of the fact, young black men were willing to take on laws and customs that forbid them to compete on anything like an equal basis with whites to create a brand new world created by black Americans who were admired (Roaring Twenties: History in the Key of Jazz). In addition to jazz and the radio, the United States also saw the rise of spectator sports. Sports provided heroes to the vast audiences that were attracted to them during the 1920s. Many sports, including football and baseball, drew huge crowds to watch and support their favourite teams. Sports became even more competitive, especially as seen with Babe Ruth and his transformation of the game of baseball. Even more popular were individual sports, like boxing, with athletes whose talents or personalities made them appear larger than life (Mintz, The Formation of Modern American Mass Culture ). Spectator sports became so popular because people had so much more leisure time on their hands. With new technologies and increased productivity from the second industrial revolution, society needed more entertainment during their longer vacation and leisure times (Mintz, The Consumer Economy and Mass Entertainment ). While spectator sports did provide some food for this appetite, it was movies which filled the void that Americans had. As it can be seen, American culture was significantly affected by the radio, jazz, and spectator sports, but no new instrument of mass entertainment was as significant as the movies (Mintz, The Formation of Modern American Mass Culture ). By 1929, 90 million Americans were going to the movies each week; this was an increase of 40 million just 9 years earlier. Movies became such a collective activity for all Americans that one estimate shows that Americans spent 83 cents of every entertainment dollar going to the movies (Mintz, The Formation of Modern American Mass Culture ). While movies did provide a new form of entertainment and social demeanour, they also provoked cultural warfare. The movies presented progressively more open displays of sexuality and with ever more daring language. (Kulturkampfen (Wars for Civilization) of the 1920s). Films increasingly featured glamour, sophistication, and sex appeal, imposing on teenagers and young adults the fashions, fads and conduct that wer e a part of a new generation. Essentially, movies created a new popular culture with common speech, dress, behaviour, and heroes (Mintz, The Formation of Modern American Mass Culture ). Like the radio, the movies became a mechanism of the new found consumerism and materialism that shaped the emerging culture of the Modern Temper. Young men and women were becoming new people, drifting away completely from the cultural and social values their parents lived by (Kulturkampfen (Wars for Civilization) of the 1920s). Both men and women felt changes in their identities, however, they were nothing as profound as the changes that women felt during the Modern Temper. For many years, women had struggled to find equality and likeness with men in society. In 1920, finally began travelling on the road to relative liberation by winning the right to vote (Mintz, The New Woman). The changes in womens identity and role actually began during World War I. With men off to war, womens role changed in order to fill their place in the workforce. In fact, the socio-economic changes that occurred for women during the four year war and that were accepted could not have been achieved through any better means (Thomas). The emergence of the modern woman during and after World War I emphasized her determination to break free of long-standing cultural constraints (The Decline of the Victorian Cultural Consensus). This want for an individual identity started to take shape with in the late 19th century with emergence of the new woman. The new woman was an icon of changing norms, a woman who was less constrained by Victorian mores and domesticity than previous generations. She had greater freedom to pursue public roles and even flaunt her sex appeal, another term which emerged alongside the new woman (Freeman). The new woman was the step before the modern women emerged in the 1920s. They were the first to attend college and justified their new roles in terms of the ideal of service to others. These new women were as aggressive and ambitious as the men they dealt with (The Decline of the Victorian Cultural Consensus). What was so new about women in the early 20th century was their presence in the public a rena. Women began venturing into jobs, politics, and culture outside the domestic realms and home life that most 19th century women tended to revolve around. Still met with resistance by conservatives, such as the church and Ku Klux Klan, and on a subordinate level to men economically and politically, the new women was a symbol of revolutionary change for women across the United States (Freeman). While the new women was a major stage in solidifying a new identity for women, nothing defined the modern temper more accurately than the flapper. The flapper was completely parallel to what women were supposed to be; womens identity became alternate to what had previously existed. Flappers were more thin and flat, and exposed more flesh. They challenged old norms by wearing new fashions, donning boyish looks and haircuts, drinking more alcohol and even smoking (Freeman, Image and Lifestyle). The Modern Temper brought new fashions along with the flapper that identified people as individuals. The flapper wore short skirts, used make-up in public, which was considered to be the badge of prostitutes, and wore baggy clothes which exposed the arms and legs (The Jazz Age: Flapper Culture Style). She was a symbol not only of a revolution in fashion and mores, but an expression of their emancipation. They expressed their individuality and sexuality through their clothes, their behaviour, an d the activities they partook in (The Jazz Age: Flapper Culture Style). The female identity was completely altered by the new woman and flapper, producing a new woman of the modern temper. A conservative barrier was broken with the new identity of women in the 1920s. Sexual flaunting was a revolution that came along with the new woman. Unmarried women began expressing their sexual desire, likely unapproved by their parents, as well as courts and Progressive reformers. They were stepping outside of their traditional gender role, entering the workforce in record numbers and taking part in jobs and activities that were once associated only with men (Freeman, Sexuality). Even further changes occurred with the relations between young men and women. Though the aspect of marriage remained constant between the new and old generation of women, there was an emergence of a new ritual in the form of dating. Young women could now flirt with boys and have sexual interactions with men unlike anything their parents had experienced (Freeman, Sexuality). The new woman, more specifically the flapper, epitomized the individualistic, materialistic, and leisure-oriented society that the mod ern temper created during the 1920s. The new cultural and social values associated with the emergence of the modern temper can be credited a great deal towards the new woman, however, nothing changed American culture more so than the creation of a consumer based society. As the 1920s rolled along, major transformations occurred in the workplace and the economy flourished. The standard of living for a large number of Americans improved drastically as wages increased and working hours decreased. This change was symbolized by Henry Ford, whose assembly line and $5 a day pay scheme decreased the time it took to make a car, increased wages, decreased working hours, and essentially, transformed the American industry (Mintz, The Consumer Economy and Mass Entertainment ). As a result, Americans had more money in their pockets and more time on their hands. Material goods started to become more important to people as more stress was put on consumer goods and advertising. The emergence of new marketing and increased focus on consumer goods led to consumerism and materialism in American culture. Consumerism changed the cultural and social values of American society during the 1920s. Material goods that were once only available to the wealthy or no one at all were suddenly available to the mass public at a low cost. The consumer society changed Americans values in way that made them believe that all material goods available to them were a must-own product. The ultimate symbol of the new consumer society was the car. In a 10 year span from 1919 to 1929, Americans went from owning 6.7 million cars to owning 27 million-nearly one car for every American household (Mintz, The Consumer Economy and Mass Entertainment ). All this could be explained by the advertising which slowly changed Americans towards being more materialistic as consumer goods were being associated with human values, emotions, and social status. If you didnt own a car, a radio, or any other major appliance or item that emerged during the early 1900s, consumerism and advertising made you feel like you just werent being fulfilled. Eventually, advertising expanded to stimulate sales and increase profits, and the public was even being offered instalment credit. Mortgages were first being offered in the 1920s, and estimates were that 60% of all furniture and 75% of all radios were purchased on instalment plans (Mintz, The Consumer Economy and Mass Entertainment ). Consumerism transformed America into a buying and borrowing country; later on America would be a country of debtors rather than buyers as a result. Consumerisms greatest impact on society was on the cultural identity of women in the 1920s. Of course the new woman and the flapper were major symbols of the modern temper, however, they would not have made such a large impact let alone have emerged if it had not been for the focus of advertising and marketing on women (The Jazz Age: Flapper Culture Style). Advertisements for fashions like Coco Chanel had a dramatic effect on women of the early 20th century (Thomas). Sexual expression was imposed onto women through advertising campaigns as simple Coca-Cola and new technologies were focused at women in the household. Electricity and the invention of the washing machine, vacuum, and other household appliances were focused at housewives who wanted to make home cleaning much easier and more efficient. Consumerism changed the life of an urban housewife inside and outside the house. Entertainment and leisure also were changed for the women of the 1920s by consumerism. Smoking for women even became somewhat of a fad, being popularized by marches in the streets of New York imitating the suffrage marches in the 1910s (Mintz, The New Woman). Other fads such as the Miss America pageant marathons imposed new social values into young women; telling them that individualism is not just about beauty, but also about fashions, housekeeping, and appealing to the other sex. Women, and all Americans for that matter, were interested in being entertained. More fads emerged to feed Americans appetite for leisure, including Mah-jong and crossword puzzles, contract bridge, photography, golf, tennis, and bowling (Mintz, Low Brow and Middle Brow Culture). Americans, women specifically, were also exposed to new values through the movies. Sexual interactions, social interactions like smoking, and new language and slang were all expressed through movies, projecting a life beyond the ord inary which their parents lived and which they had been living. Furthermore, magazines and books expressed new social values for women which they had never experienced. Confession magazines filled the void in women by sharing stories of romance, divorce, success and failure (Mintz, Low Brow and Middle Brow Culture). Through movies, advertising, entertainment and leisure, consumerism changed the way woman lived and experienced society in the 20th century, and more specifically, produced the epitome of the modern temper through the new woman and the flapper. With the rise of consumerism and materialism in the 1920s, the modern temper created a sophisticated and pluralistic society in the United States. The new society challenged and defeated traditional Victorian mores and yielded a new generation of Americans that had new social and cultural values, and created a powerful economy that built on new businesses, chain companies, quick and efficient manufacturing, and higher incomes (Mintz, The Consumer Economy and Mass Entertainment ). The modern temper instilled a sense of individualism in Americans and challenged Americans to do and get anything they want. Simply put, the modern temper created an affluent, more secular America with more liberated and modern social and cultural values which to this day has continued to grow through industry, consumerism, and most notably, individualism.

Ben Hogan :: essays research papers

Ben Hogan Ben Hogan had more dedication than any athlete today. Throughout his life Mr.Hogan overcame a very traumatic childhood, recovered from a nearly fatal head-on collision with a bus and built a golf equipment empire. Ben Hogan was born in a small town in Texas called Dublin. He was one of three children. When Ben was only six years old he witnessed his father commit suicide while playing in the same room. " At age nine my childhood was shot through the heart".(p.14) obviously Hogan was traumatize by the tragedy. Hogan's instinctive reaction was to become protective of his mother. After the suicide the family underwent serious financial problems. To do his part Ben began selling newspapers, until he heard that their was big money to be made at the local golf club for caddies. This was Hogan's ticket into golf, with golf being considered a "rich man's" game Hogan probably would never have started playing golf. Because of the poor wages the caddies recieved, most of the caddies made money by gambling on golf, this was where Hogan's dedication was shown even as a child. Hogan was much smaller than any of they other caddies so they usually beat him. But Hogan wouldn't accept it, instead he would show up for work a couple of hours early and practice his heart out, " Sometimes I practised until my hands bled."(p.11) Finally he began winning the bets, but also caddy and junior tournaments too. Secondly, on February 1, 1949 Hogan was on top of the world, having won the US OPEN, the MASTERS and appearing on the cover of Time life Magazine. Until he collided head on with a twenty thousand pound passenger bus. Hogan suffered a broken collarbone, broken left ankle, broken right leg, broken pelvis and a few broken ribs. In the weeks after the accident several other complications occurred like blood clots in his lungs, the doctors said he would probably never play competative golf again. However in the months of recovery that followed, Hogan practiced the things he could do with his injuries like practice his short game. For the next thirteen months Hogan practiced to the best of his ability, gradually improving. Thirteen months later he entered the L.A open and finished second this demonstration shocked the world, for it was only thirteen months earlier people thought they would never see Hogan play again. In 1953 Hogan decided to produce his own line of clubs. In 1954, after a year of struggling sales, Hogan bought out his partners due too "creative differences".Hogan took time off his regular playing schedule in order to over see operations of his plant and to, "see if